Лабораторная 7.1 — Архитектура TX/RX-тракта

Цель

Спроектировать полный SDR-тракт передачи и приёма до реализации в коде или аппаратуре: от формирования сигнала до расчёта метрик.

Что выполняется

В работе студент:

1. строит блок-схему TX/RX-тракта;
2. определяет интерфейсы между блоками;
3. задаёт sample-rate plan;
4. задаёт frequency plan;
5. выбирает loopback-режим и метрики проверки.

Результат

После выполнения работы должны быть получены:

• архитектурная схема тракта;
• таблица стадий обработки;
• таблица частот и sample rates;
• перечень форматов данных;
• план проверки тракта.

Что приложить к отчёту

• схему TX/RX chain;
• таблицу stage/purpose/input/output;
• frequency-plan check;
• data-format table;
• инженерный вывод о рисках реализации.

Подробная техническая часть

Lab 7.1 — TX/RX Chain Architecture

Goal

Design and document a complete SDR transmit/receive chain before implementing it in code or hardware.

The lab answers the practical question:

Which blocks are required between generated baseband samples and measured receiver metrics, and what are the interfaces between them?

Reference architecture

flowchart LR
    TXSRC[TX source] --> SHAPE[Pulse shaping / TX FIR]
    SHAPE --> TXMIX[TX mixer / DUC]
    TXMIX --> TXIF[TX interface / AXIS]
    TXIF --> RF[RF frontend]
    RF --> RXIF[RX capture / IQ file]
    RXIF --> RXMIX[RX mixer / DDC]
    RXMIX --> RXFIR[RX FIR / decimator]
    RXFIR --> METRICS[FFT / SNR / EVM / BER]

Architecture table

Stage	Purpose	Input	Output	Main risk
TX source	generate tone/symbols/frame	parameters	complex baseband	wrong amplitude or frame structure
TX FIR	shape spectrum	complex samples	filtered samples	bandwidth too wide / ISI
TX mixer / DUC	move signal in baseband	baseband	shifted signal	wrong sign or aliasing
TX interface	format for FPGA/RF	Q-format samples	stream	sample alignment
RF frontend	convert to RF	digital stream	RF signal	overload / wrong LO
RX capture	record IQ	RF signal	IQ file	missing metadata
RX mixer / DDC	move channel to DC	IQ samples	baseband channel	frequency error
RX FIR/decimator	select channel	baseband	lower-rate baseband	aliasing
Metrics	validate chain	processed signal	numbers/plots	wrong reference alignment

Required design decisions

Decision	Selected value	Justification
Signal type	tone / QPSK / frame
TX sample rate
RX sample rate
TX LO
RX LO
TX baseband offset
DDC shift
Main data format	float / Q1.15 / ci16
Loopback type	digital / file / RF cable
Metrics	FFT / SNR / EVM / BER

Sample-rate plan

TX source Fs -> TX shaping Fs -> DUC Fs -> RF DAC Fs
RX ADC Fs -> DDC Fs -> decimated Fs -> metrics Fs

Every sample-rate change must have an anti-aliasing or anti-imaging explanation.

Frequency-plan check

The chain is consistent if:

expected_rx_offset = TX_LO + TX_baseband_offset - RX_LO
DDC_shift ≈ -expected_rx_offset

After DDC, the useful signal should be near DC.

Validation order

1. Pure Python/MATLAB simulation.
2. File replay with saved IQ.
3. Digital loopback.
4. RF cable loopback with attenuation.
5. External receiver observation.

Report checklist

• [ ] Draw TX/RX chain diagram.
• [ ] Fill architecture table.
• [ ] Fill sample-rate table.
• [ ] Fill frequency-plan table.
• [ ] State data formats between blocks.
• [ ] Define loopback method.
• [ ] Define metrics.
• [ ] State what will be implemented in software and what in FPGA.

Engineering conclusion template

The selected TX/RX architecture uses ______ as the test signal and validates the chain through ______ loopback.
The expected RX baseband offset is ____ Hz and the DDC shift is ____ Hz.
The main implementation risk is ______ because ______.